The modern political map of the Middle East was formed after the First World War, when the Ottoman Empire disintegrated into independent states under the control of Great Britain and France. This contributed to the development of capitalist relations and national liberation movements. After independence, Arab countries faced the need to establish armed forces to defend sovereignty in the face of instability. The military became an important factor in political stability and nation-building, especially after World War II, when its intervention in politics was attributed to the absence of other social forces. There were many coups in Arab countries from 1961 to 1969, and the military’s rise to power helped to eliminate infighting and enhance political stability.
Middle East, Ottoman Empire, national liberation movements, armed forces, political stability, coups.