This article examines the dynamics between the Druze community in southern Syria and the new Syrian authority formed under the influence of the terrorist group Hayat Tahrir al-Sham (запрещенная в Российской Федерации террористическая организация). The authors analyze the historical roots of Druze identity, including the dualism of spiritual and secular authority, and its role in the context of state collapse. The study traces the evolution of the Druze position in the Syrian conflict – from strategic neutrality to tactical alliances and de facto autonomy reinforced by militarized formations. Special attention is paid to systemic contradictions: the ideological dissonance between Druze secularism and the Islamist agenda of HTS*, the institutional weakness of Damascus, and the interference of external actors, particularly Israel. Through case studies of events in April–May 2025 (clashes in Jaramana and Sahnaya), the article highlights the crisis of legitimacy faced by the central authority, which has failed to control radical elements within its security structures. The conclusion outlines potential scenarios for the crisis, including the fragmentation of southern regions akin to the Lebanese model (1975–1990) and the entrenchment of permanent instability. The study argues that the transformation of ethnoconfessional groups into quasi-state actors reflects a global trend toward the localization of power in disintegrating states. The research employs comparative analysis, field data, and open-source materials, including Arab media and statements by key political figures.
Syria, Druze, As-Suwayda, Hayat Tahrir al-Sham (HTS) (запрещенная в Российской Федерации террористическая организация), conflict, Israel.